All Mobile Network Generations (Pre-1G to 5G)

📻 Pre-1G: Wireless Telephony and Radio Networks

Before the first generation of mobile networks, communication over wireless existed in limited forms:

Mobile Radio Telephones: Used by taxis, emergency services, and the military (1940s–1970s). Examples include MTS and IMTS in the US.
Push-to-Talk Systems: Walkie-talkies, CB radio (Citizens Band), and similar analog tech with limited range.
All of these were analog, non-cellular, and operated manually or with an operator connection.

📶 Complete Comparison Table: Pre-1G to 5G

Technology	Gen	Peak Speeds	Typical Speeds	Latency	Launch	Notes
IMTS / MTS / CB	Pre-1G	Voice only	Voice only	High	1946+	Manual or operator-driven analog radio networks
NMT / AMPS	1G	–	Analog voice	~300ms	1981+	Analog FM, FDMA, 800/900MHz
GSM	2G	9.6 kbps	~9.6 kbps	~500–1000ms	1991+	Digital TDMA, SMS, circuit data, 900/1800MHz
GPRS	2.5G	171.2 kbps	30–50 kbps	600–1000ms	2000+	Packet data on GSM, IP-based
EDGE	2.75G	384 kbps–1 Mbps	150–250 kbps	150–300ms	2003+	8PSK modulation, faster GPRS
UMTS / W-CDMA	3G	384 kbps–2 Mbps	0.5–1 Mbps	~100–300ms	2001+	New radio access, 5 MHz channels
HSPA	3.5G	14.4 / 5.76 Mbps	3–7 Mbps	50–100ms	2006+	High-speed downlink/uplink on UMTS
HSPA+	3.75G	42 / 11 Mbps	10–20 Mbps	30–80ms	2008+	64QAM, MIMO, dual-carrier
LTE	4G	100 / 50 Mbps	30–70 Mbps	~30–50ms	2009+	All-IP, OFDMA, scalable bandwidth
LTE-A	4G+	1 Gbps	100–300 Mbps	~20–30ms	2013+	Carrier aggregation, advanced MIMO
5G NR	5G	Up to 10 Gbps	300 Mbps–1 Gbps	~1–10ms	2019+	Sub-6GHz + mmWave, beamforming, SA/NSA

🌐 Notes

Latency numbers are approximate round-trip delays.
Speeds are peak theoretical unless otherwise noted.
NSA = Non-Standalone 5G (uses 4G core); SA = Standalone 5G
Older tech like IMTS was operator-connected, not packet- or circuit-switched.

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